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20/5_A very basic introduction to geometric figures


Hello everyone! This blog has been created as part of the subject 'Didactic of geometry' for the Primary School Education degree at the University of Málaga (SPAIN). The main aim of this blog is to reflect and talk about some didactic ideas concerning this amazing area of the mathematic field. Along the course of the different post I will talk about different aspects that might be useful for future teachers or to raise curiosity or understanding among students of different backgrounds.
 
In the post of today we are going to explain what geometric figures are, why they are important to study and the four most basic geometric figures. Are you ready? We start our adventure through the universe of the geometry!


There are many, many types of geometric figures and in our daily life we find lots of examples. A case in point is the blackboard (which is a rectangle), the seat of a chair (a square), the hat when we draw a dwarf (a triangle) or a coin (a circle). One of the most basic ideas that we need to know is the line segment:
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Can you relate each figure with the name that corresponds?
 



Geometric figures are elements studied by maths and this field we study its measures, features and properties. To give an example, one of the properties of the circle is that its position does not vary when we rotate the figure from its centre. We can see it: 

If now we imagine that the circles spins, we could see that the figure does not change, it keeps being a circle. 


 


Mathematics and students study the properties of the geometric figures to understand better the world, create inventive things and do experiments in this way. Thanks to that, we count with invents so wonderful as the tyre of your bicycle…        

A circle is a closed curved in which all its points are at the same distance from the centre of it, as a tyre. Can you imagine any example of circular geometric figures?



The square is a geometric figure that has four equal sides united between them. Each vertex creates an angle of 90º. Can you image any other example of an object with this form?
 




The triangle on its side is a three-side figure it has two dimensions and it is closed. It creates, consequently, three angles. Examples of triangles are some roofs of the houses, a yield traffic light, or also… a sandwich slide or Mexican chips to dip in your guacamole!
 



                                                                     Illustration 1. Triangle corn chips.


A rectangle is a two-dimensions close figure which its all four sides create a 90º angle, but with two different longitudes, one bigger and one shorter. Examples are your notebook, a postcard, a magazine, a landscape picture…



Illustration 2. Objects with square shape. 


One innovative idea to work these introductory concepts to the younger ones can be through the creation of a rap. Each group can be in charge of one geometric figure: triangle, circle, rectangle and square. Then we can do a type of jigsaw but a singing one, so each group goes to every small group to sing the part of the rap. By working in small groups, I believe that one of the key benefits of this technique is that they concentrate better because they are in small groups and also it is the students who give the information to the others. When the own students are in charge of the knowledge, they are highly motivated and the rest of the students are more concentrated. 


Illustration 3. Jigsaw.


References
Buser, P. Costa, A. (2012). Curso de geometría básica. Madrid: Sanz y Torres.

Polanía Sagra, C. y Sánchez Suleta, C. (2007). Un acercamiento al pensamiento geométrico. Colombia:  Universidad de Medellín.

Figura geométrica. (2019).  In Wikipedia. Retrieved from https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Figura_geom%C3%A9trica
 

 


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22/05_Seeking for patterns

            Geometry is an extensive field with many applications in real life. To introduce this topic we think that it could be a good idea to make a small project with the students. We can ask them to take pictures of geometrics figures or patterns in the façades of the buildings . Then, they can describe the elements with the knowledge they already have. I have done my own quest, and here are the results: Illustration 1 . Pasaje Cuartel de Caballería What can we say about this first composition? First of all, it is plane figure. Then it is formed by three parallel squares. Each square has 4 semi circles, opposite to each other, creating like a kind of flowers. If we duplicate again and again this composition, we would have a tessellation because (1) all squares form a tessellation because there are not any gaps and (2) there are not geometric figures overlapped.  Illustration 2 . Tara building, S/ Tara (Dublin) . Autor: Esteban Zamora.  This com